Equine Care

Rain Rot—also called rain scald, dermatophilosis, or “paintbrush lesions”—is one of the most common and vexing skin conditions horse owners face. Despite its prevalence, many guides only scratch the surface. This article digs deeper, giving you a more complete, practical, and up-to-date resource to prevent, diagnose, and treat rain rot effectively. See our extensive guide to horse skin conditions here.  Table of Contents What Is Rain Rot (Dermatophilosis)? Why Rain Rot Happens: Risk Factors & Triggers Recognizing the Signs: What to Look For Diagnosing Rain Rot: Confirming the Condition Effective Treatment & Management Prevention: How to Stay Ahead of Rain Rot When to Call the Vet Summary & Take-Home Points Frequently Asked Questions What Is Rain Rot (Dermatophilosis)? Rain rot is an infection of the superficial layers of skin caused by the bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis.  Under normal, dry conditions, these bacteria may live harmlessly on the skin. But when moisture, humidity, or skin damage allow them to invade, they trigger an inflammatory response and characteristic crusts.  These crusts often grow with embedded hair clumps, producing “paintbrush” or “tufted” scabs that fall off in patches, leaving raw, tender skin.  In many horses, rain rot is mild and resolves if the conditions causing it are reversed; but in more severe or neglected cases, secondary infections, deeper involvement, or performance disruption can occur.  Back to top ↑ Why Rain Rot Happens: Risk Factors & Triggers Several key factors make a horse vulnerable to rain rot: Prolonged wetting/moisture exposure: Rain, dew, humid weather, or wet blankets reduce the resilience of the skin barrier, allowing bacteria to penetrate.  Skin damage or abrasion: Bites, scratches, friction against tack, or trauma weaken the skin surface. Compromised immune function: Young horses, older animals, or those under stress or illness may struggle to contain the infection. Insect vectors: Flies and other biting insects can exacerbate or spread the infection. Poor hygiene and management: Dirty blankets, shared grooming tools, damp stalls, and failure to remove mud and moisture all raise the risk.  Rain rot tends to flare in times or climates of frequent rain and humidity. For many horses, outbreaks are seasonal.  Back to top ↑ Recognizing the Signs: What to Look For Early detection is your best defence. Common clinical signs include: Matted hair and “tufting” – Hair sticking together or standing upright in patches. Crusts with embedded hairs – The classic scabs that peel off with hairs attached (the “paintbrush” effect).  Hair loss / bald patches beneath or around scabby areas.  Tenderness or sensitivity – Especially under blankets or tack, or when touched.  Spread or coalescing lesions – Spots may merge into larger affected zones.  In severe cases: swelling, heat, secondary infection signs – Bleeding, pus, lameness in lower limb involvement. Unlike some skin conditions, extreme itching is not always present—some horses resist handling due to pain rather than itch.  Because longer winter coats can hide signs, physical palpation and close inspection are crucial during colder months.  Back to top ↑ Diagnosing Rain Rot: Confirming the Condition In many cases, a competent veterinarian can make a presumptive diagnosis from the history, environment, and lesion appearance.  However, for certainty (especially in recurrent, atypical, or nonresponsive cases), diagnostic steps may include: Microscopic smear / impression smear of the scab underside, revealing characteristic filamentous and coccoid bacteria.  Culture of Dermatophilus congolensis to confirm bacterial identity. Skin biopsy or histopathology in chronic or complicated cases to rule out other dermatoses. These confirmatory methods help distinguish rain rot from fungal infections, ringworm, or other dermatological conditions.  Back to top ↑ Effective Treatment & Management Treating rain rot is rarely complicated—when you address both the skin lesions and the environmental triggers. 1. Environmental Changes & Management Move the horse to drier, sheltered areas; avoid turnout in persistent rain.  Remove or lighten blankets; ensure blankets are clean and dry.  Improve ventilation, reduce mud, and keep stable floors dry. Disinfect grooming tools, tack, rugs, and equipment to prevent cross-contamination.  Implement insect control to reduce vector spread.  Avoid wetting the coat just before outbreaks; minimize frequent baths in vulnerable seasons. 2. Scab Softening & Removal Gently soak crusted areas (e.g. with warm water + mild antiseptic) to soften scabs.  Carefully lift or remove scabs once loosened; avoid forceful removal that could damage underlying skin.  Always use gloves and dispose of removed crusts safely to avoid environmental contamination. 3. Topical Treatments Use antibacterial shampoos, antiseptic solutions (e.g. chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine) on affected areas.  Some veterinarians recommend sulfur-based dips (e.g. lime-sulfur). Keep treatments in place for the recommended dwell time (often 5-10 minutes) before rinsing. Use Botanica Herbal Cream to soothe skin. 4. Systemic Treatments (for Severe Cases) In widespread or deep infections, systemic antibiotic therapy (e.g. penicillin) may be necessary.  Anti-inflammatory medications or pain relief may help horses that are uncomfortable. Monitor the horse closely; if there is no improvement within a week or symptoms worsen, re-evaluation and veterinary intervention are critical. Use Botanica Herbal Cream to soothe skin. Most mild-to-moderate cases respond within 2 to 3 weeks if management is consistent.      Back to top ↑ Prevention: How to Stay Ahead of Rain Rot The saying “prevention is better than cure” is especially true in dermatological care. To minimize recurrence: Maintain regular grooming routines to inspect, remove debris, and allow the coat to breathe.  Clip long or dense coats in vulnerable seasons to reduce moisture retention.  Use breathable, moisture-wicking blankets when protection is needed. Avoid heavy blankets that trap dampness.  Provide adequate shelter in turnout areas so horses are not exposed to continuous rain.  Disinfect grooming tools and equipment regularly to break transmission chains.  Use insect control measures to reduce bite-related triggers and possible vectoring.  Monitor closely during wet weather and act early at the first sign of lesion development. Back to top ↑ When to Call the Vet Seek professional help if: Lesions spread rapidly or are unresponsive after 7–10 days of proper care The horse shows systemic signs (fever, lethargy, loss of appetite) Secondary infection is suspected (pus, swelling, heat) The affected area is under tack or on limbs causing gait issues A skilled veterinarian can reassess diagnosis, adjust antimicrobial protocols, and help manage complications. Back to top ↑ Summary & Take-Home Points Rain Rot (dermatophilosis) is a bacterial skin infection common in damp or humid conditions. Moisture, skin damage, and compromised immunity are major contributing factors. Early recognition, environmental control, gentle scab removal, and correct topical treatment usually bring resolution. Prevention—via stable management, grooming, clipping, insect control—is key to reducing recurrence. Severe or persistent cases demand veterinary involvement. Back to top ↑ FAQs  What is rain rot in horses?Rain rot (dermatophilosis) is a superficial bacterial skin infection caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. It thrives in damp conditions and causes crusty “paintbrush” scabs, hair tufting, and patchy hair loss. Is rain rot contagious?Yes—direct contact, shared grooming tools, tack, or rugs can spread it between horses. Disinfect equipment and avoid sharing until the infection clears. What causes rain rot?Prolonged moisture (rain, humidity, wet rugs), minor skin damage, insect irritation, and reduced skin immunity allow the bacteria to invade the outer skin layers. What are the early signs I should look for?Small crusts with clumped hairs (“tufts”), sensitivity when touched, and patchy hair loss—often along the topline, rump, shoulders, and sometimes lower limbs. How is rain rot diagnosed?Vets often diagnose based on history and appearance. In stubborn cases, they may perform a smear, culture, or skin biopsy to rule out similar conditions (e.g., ringworm). How do you treat rain rot?Keep the horse dry, gently soften and lift scabs, and use antiseptic/antibacterial washes as directed. Severe or extensive cases may need systemic antibiotics prescribed by a vet. How long does it take to clear up?With consistent management and topical care, mild-to-moderate cases typically improve within 2–3 weeks. Hair regrowth follows once the skin is healthy. Should I clip the affected areas?Clipping can help keep skin dry and allow treatments to reach the surface—especially in dense coats. Disinfect clippers afterward and avoid skin irritation. Can I bathe a horse with rain rot?Yes—brief, targeted washes with appropriate antiseptic solutions can help. Rinse thoroughly, pat dry, and avoid leaving the coat damp or rugging a wet horse. How do I prevent rain rot from returning?Improve turnout shelter, keep rugs clean and dry, avoid persistent dampness, disinfect shared tools, manage insects, and maintain regular grooming and coat inspection. What’s the difference between rain rot and ringworm?Rain rot is bacterial and often presents with tufted scabs; ringworm is fungal and commonly makes circular bald patches. A vet can confirm with tests if needed. When should I call the vet?If lesions spread quickly, don’t improve within 7–10 days, show pus/heat/swelling, or the horse seems unwell (fever, lethargy), get veterinary advice promptly. Back to top ↑      

Introduction to Equine Horse Care Caring for a horse is one of the most rewarding experiences in the equestrian world, but it comes with serious responsibility. Horses are intelligent, sensitive, and physically powerful animals, and their wellbeing depends on knowledgeable, consistent care. Whether you’re a first-time owner in the Irish countryside or a seasoned rider in a UK livery yard, understanding the fundamentals of horse care is essential. Good horse care means more than providing food and exercise. It’s about building routines, feeding correctly, maintaining skin and hoof health, managing the stable and pasture, preventing illness, and ensuring emotional wellbeing. In climates like the UK and Ireland, where wet winters and variable summers pose unique challenges, informed care makes all the difference. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know: from daily care routines to seasonal management, grooming, hoof and dental care, nutrition, veterinary essentials, and natural solutions. We’ll include step-by-step checklists, practical case studies, and expert insights so that you can provide the very best for your horse. 📖 Table of Contents Horse Care Basics Every Owner Should Know Equine Nutrition & Feeding Tips Horse Grooming & Skin Care Essentials Equine Health & Veterinary Care Seasonal Horse Care in the UK & Ireland Horse Care Costs in the UK & Ireland Emergency Care Kit Checklist Essential Horse Care Products & Natural Solutions Expanded Horse Care FAQs Conclusion Horse Care Basics Every Owner Should Know Daily Routines Checklist Consistency is the foundation of good management. Horses thrive on routine, and a predictable schedule keeps stress levels low. Daily Care Checklist ✅ Provide clean water and forage. ✅ Feed concentrates or supplements if required. ✅ Turnout or exercise for movement and mental health. ✅ Groom and pick out hooves. ✅ Muck out the stable and refresh bedding. ✅ Quick health check: appetite, demeanour, eyes, nostrils, skin, legs. Case Study: A leisure cob in County Meath began refusing grain. On closer daily checks, the owner noticed quidding (dropping feed from the mouth). A dental exam revealed sharp points on molars. Because the issue was caught early, simple floating corrected the problem and prevented weight loss. Weekly Checklist ✅ Wash feed and water buckets thoroughly. ✅ Disinfect grooming brushes. ✅ Inspect fencing and field shelters. ✅ Monitor weight and body condition score. ✅ Check tack fit and clean leatherwork. Monthly Checklist ✅ Deep clean stable floors and walls. ✅ Review feed rations and adjust seasonally. ✅ Check rug condition and wash if needed. ✅ Record health notes (weight, farrier visits, worming, vaccinations).   Environment Stabling: Muck out daily to prevent ammonia build-up. Ventilation: Poor airflow is a common cause of respiratory problems. Pasture: Rotate grazing, reseed bare patches, and remove poisonous plants like ragwort, buttercups, or sycamore seedlings. Shelter: In Ireland’s wet climate, natural hedgerows or field shelters protect from wind and rain. Mental Wellbeing Horses are herd animals. Prolonged isolation leads to stress behaviours such as weaving, crib-biting, or stall walking. Even if kept alone, horses benefit from visual or over-fence contact with others. ⬆ Back to Top Equine Nutrition & Feeding Tips The Horse’s Digestive System Horses have evolved to graze continuously. Their small stomach produces acid around the clock, which is why long forage gaps can cause ulcers. They cannot vomit, making them vulnerable to colic if diets change suddenly. Core Diet Components Feed Type Benefits Considerations Forage (hay, haylage, grass) Provides fibre, energy, and essential nutrients. Maintains gut health. Should form at least 60–70% of the diet. Concentrates (grains, mixes, pellets) Supplies additional energy for performance horses. Can cause ulcers, colic, or excitability if fed in large meals. Supplements Balance deficiencies: salt, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes. Choose based on workload and diet gaps. Forage Options in the UK & Ireland Hay: Dried grass, reliable and widely used. Low sugar varieties suit laminitis-prone horses. Haylage: Partially fermented, higher moisture, often dust-free, good for horses with respiratory issues. Silage: Not commonly recommended for horses; fermentation can upset digestion if not made specifically for equines. Feeding Schedules by Season Winter: Horses need more calories to maintain body temperature. Provide ad-lib hay or haylage, warm soaked beet pulp, and oil for slow-release energy. Feeding 3–4 smaller meals per day supports digestion. Spring: Introduce grass gradually to avoid laminitis. For horses prone to weight gain, use grazing muzzles or strip grazing. Summer: Pasture may provide enough energy, but supplement with balancers for vitamins/minerals. Add electrolytes during hot spells. Autumn: As grass quality falls, slowly increase forage and consider adding vitamin E and selenium for coat/immune support. Comparing Feed Types Oats: Highly digestible energy, but can make some horses excitable. Barley: Denser energy, needs to be micronised/flaked for digestibility. Beet Pulp: High fibre, excellent for weight gain and gut health. Chaff: Useful to slow down eating and mix with concentrates. Feeding by Life Stage & Workload Foals & Youngstock: Require protein and balanced minerals for growth. Leisure Horses: Many thrive on forage-only diets with a balancer. Performance Horses: Need more energy, electrolytes, and possibly oils for stamina. Veterans: Soaked feeds and chopped fibre help when teeth wear down. Seasonal Feeding in the UK & Ireland Winter: Forage intake increases; warm mashes encourage hydration. Spring: Restrict turnout to prevent laminitis from rich grass. Summer: Offer shade, salt blocks, and plenty of water. Autumn: Grass loses nutrition; adjust concentrates accordingly. Common Feeding Mistakes Feeding large grain meals instead of small, frequent feeds. Sudden feed changes without a gradual transition. Restricting forage too severely (ulcers, behavioural issues). Overfeeding carrots, apples, or sugary treats. Expert Tip: Feed forage before concentrates. This slows intake and reduces risks of colic. ⬆ Back to Top Horse Grooming & Skin Care Essentials Why Grooming Matters Grooming maintains coat shine and circulation, but it’s also an opportunity for daily health checks. Small injuries, heat, or skin infections are often detected during grooming.   Daily Grooming Routine Curry comb (loosen dirt, stimulate oils). Dandy brush (sweep away dust). Mane and tail comb or detangler. Hoof pick (remove stones, manure, mud). Sponge or cloth (clean eyes, nostrils, dock). Grooming Tools Breakdown Rubber curry comb: Best for removing loose hair and mud. Body brush: Soft bristles for sensitive areas. Sweat scraper: Essential after bathing or exercise. Shedding blade: Useful in spring coat change. Mane & Tail Health Avoid over-brushing which breaks hairs. Use detangling spray to prevent knots. Wash tails monthly in summer to remove sweat and dirt. Braid manes only short-term to prevent hair breakage. Tack & Equipment Care Dirty or ill-fitting tack causes rubs and sores. Clean leather regularly, check stitching, and have saddles professionally fitted. Seasonal Skin Concerns in the UK & Ireland Winter: Mud fever and rain scald are common in wet fields. Clean legs and dry thoroughly. Summer: Sweet itch and fly bites can be severe, especially in Irish midges. Use fly sprays, rugs, and anti-itch creams. Spring/Autumn: Shedding coats require extra grooming effort. For an in-depth look, see our Horse Skin Conditions Guide covering 31 common problems. ⬆ Back to Top Equine Health & Veterinary Care Routine Veterinary Essentials Vaccinations: Protect against tetanus and equine influenza. Some yards also require herpes virus vaccines. Parasite Control: Use faecal egg counts instead of blanket worming to avoid resistance. Dental Care: Horses’ teeth erupt continuously. Annual floating prevents sharp edges. Health Checks: Annual wellness exams are recommended, especially for older horses. Hoof Care: “No Foot, No Horse” Hooves support the entire body and must be cared for diligently. Farrier every 6–8 weeks. Daily hoof picking to prevent stone bruises, thrush, or abscesses. Balanced diet with biotin or linseed oil for hoof strength. Case Study: A Connemara pony in Galway developed recurring lameness. Daily hoof checks spotted a recurring abscess linked to poor sole depth. Corrective shoeing and improved diet strengthened the hoof, resolving the issue. Common Hoof Issues Thrush: Foul smell, black discharge. Treat with daily cleaning and topical antifungal solutions. Abscesses: Sudden severe lameness; needs poulticing and vet/farrier support. Laminitis: Heat, strong digital pulse, reluctance to move. Emergency — call vet immediately. Case Study: A show hunter in Yorkshire developed repeated abscesses in wet autumn weather. By adding drainage to gateways, applying hoof hardener, and switching to a biotin supplement, abscess frequency dropped dramatically. Signs That Need a Vet Immediately Sudden or severe lameness. Persistent cough or nasal discharge. Abnormal swellings, wounds, or colic symptoms (rolling, pawing, not eating). Weight loss or dull coat despite adequate feed. Vaccination Schedule (UK & Ireland) Tetanus: Booster every 2 years. Equine Influenza: Annually (competition horses often require 6-month boosters). Herpes Virus: Optional, but often required in breeding yards. Parasite Control Strategy Use faecal egg counts every 8–12 weeks. Rotate pastures and poo-pick daily to break the worm cycle. Target tapeworm with saliva/blood tests twice yearly. ⬆ Back to Top Seasonal Horse Care in the UK & Ireland Summer Provide shade and airflow in stables. Electrolytes during hot spells. Fly control with sprays, masks, and rugs. Botanica Fly Spray is a natural choice. Avoid hard work during peak heat. Winter Rugging appropriate to temperature and coat type. Over-rugging is as risky as under-rugging. Break ice in troughs to ensure water. Provide more forage to maintain body heat. Clean and dry legs to prevent mud fever. Spring & Autumn Transition to grass gradually to prevent laminitis. Targeted worming at seasonal transitions. Prepare for coat changes with grooming and dietary support. UK/Ireland Specifics Ireland: High rainfall means muddy gateways are hotspots for thrush and mud fever — gravel or mats reduce risk. South of England: Heatwaves are becoming more common — consider fans in stables and night-time turnout. Scotland & Northern Ireland: Midges are intense in summer; fly rugs and repellents are essential for sweet itch management. ⬆ Back to Top Horse Care Costs in the UK & Ireland Expense Typical Annual Cost (per horse) Livery (DIY–Full) £1,500 – £7,000 (€1,700 – €8,000) Feed & Bedding £800 – £1,200 (€900 – €1,400) Farrier £400 – £600 (€450 – €700) Veterinary (routine) £250 – £500 (€280 – €560) Insurance £400 – £700 (€450 – €800) Misc. (tack, rugs, lessons) £500 – £1,000 (€560 – €1,100) Total £3,800 – £10,000+ (€4,200 – €11,500+) ⬆ Back to Top Emergency Care Kit Checklist Every yard should keep a stocked equine first aid kit: Digital thermometer. Stethoscope (for heart rate/gut sounds). Clean bandages and gamgee. Antiseptic scrub (chlorhexidine/iodine). Wound cream (e.g. Botanica Natural Herbal Cream). Hoof poultice pads. Electrolyte sachets. Fly repellent. Vet contact numbers and insurance details. ⬆ Back to Top Essential Horse Care Products & Natural Solutions Horse owners increasingly look for natural, effective alternatives to chemical-heavy products. Botanica International’s range is trusted across the UK, Ireland, and beyond. Botanica Natural Herbal Cream – For cuts, abrasions, and skin irritation. Botanica Anti-Itch Cream – Soothes sweet itch and insect irritation. Botanica Fly Spray – Natural protection against flies and midges. These integrate into daily grooming and health routines, reducing reliance on harsh chemicals while supporting skin health. See our article on possibly the best horse fly spray in the world.  ⬆ Back to Top Expanded Horse Care FAQs Q: What is the daily care routine for a horse?A: Feed forage, supply water, groom, check hooves, muck out, and provide turnout or exercise. Q: How do I prepare a horse for winter in the UK/Ireland?A: Increase forage, use rugs as needed, check water supplies for ice, and prevent mud fever by drying legs. Q: What are common mistakes beginners make?A: Overfeeding grain, neglecting hoof care, failing to notice health changes, and isolating horses. Q: How much land is needed per horse?A: Typically 1.5–2 acres per horse, though pasture quality and rotation affect stocking density. Q: How often should I worm my horse?A: Use faecal egg counts every 8–12 weeks; worm only if necessary. Q: How can I tell if my horse is overweight?A: Check body condition scoring (1–9 scale). Fat pads on neck, rump, and girth area suggest obesity. Q: How much exercise does a horse need?A: Most horses benefit from at least one hour of movement daily, whether turnout or ridden work. Q: What’s the best natural sweet itch remedy?A: Botanica Anti-Itch Cream soothes irritation, while fly rugs prevent midges from biting. Q: What vaccinations are essential in the UK & Ireland?A: Tetanus and influenza are core. Some competition yards require herpes virus vaccination. Q: How can I reduce horse care costs?A: DIY livery, bulk buying forage, preventive vet care, and second-hand tack purchases help. Q: What’s the lifespan of a horse?A: Most live 25–30 years; some ponies exceed 35 with proper care. Q: How do I know if tack fits correctly?A: Check for even pressure, no pinching, and freedom of movement. Professional saddle fitting is advised annually. Q: Do horses need salt licks?A: Yes — salt is an essential mineral. Provide free access to a plain salt lick year-round. Q: How often should tack be checked?A: At least monthly. Saddles should be professionally fitted every 6–12 months, especially if the horse’s shape changes. Q: What’s the best bedding type?A: Straw is cheap but dusty; shavings are absorbent but cost more; pellets and paper are low-dust alternatives. Choose based on budget and horse’s respiratory health. Q: How often should I clip my horse?A: Depends on workload. Competition horses may need clipping every 4–6 weeks in winter, while leisure horses may not need clipping at all. Q: What insurance do I need?A: Public liability is vital. Many owners also insure for vet bills, loss of use, and tack. Q: How do I spot ulcers?A: Signs include girthiness, poor performance, dull coat, and changes in appetite. Only confirmed by gastroscopy. ⬆ Back to Top Conclusion Horse care is both science and art. It requires daily discipline, seasonal adaptation, and the ability to observe small changes in behaviour and condition. From feeding and grooming to hoof care, dental attention, and mental wellbeing, every detail shapes your horse’s health. In the UK and Ireland, with our wet winters, lush pastures, and variable climates, attentive management is particularly important. By combining structured routines with natural solutions, you can prevent problems, strengthen your bond, and enjoy the best of horse ownership. At Botanica International, we believe in supporting horses the natural way. Explore our range of equine products to keep your horse healthy, comfortable, and thriving all year round. ⬆ Back to Top  

A horse’s skin does far more than simply cover the body. It regulates temperature, acts as a barrier against infections, and provides sensory feedback. Because it is constantly exposed to mud, insects, sun, tack, and the elements, skin problems are one of the most common health issues horse owners face. This guide will help you identify your horse's skin condition.  Some conditions are minor irritations that can be managed at home, while others may indicate serious infections or even cancer. Understanding what you are looking at is the first step in helping your horse. In this guide, we cover 31 common horse skin conditions — from mud fever to melanomas — with clear descriptions, management tips, and when to call the vet. 📖 Table of Contents Common Bacterial & Fungal Horse Skin Problems Rain Rot (Dermatophilosis) Mud Fever / Scratches / Pastern Dermatitis Greasy Heel Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) Folliculitis Dermatophytosis (Other Fungal Infections) Allergic & Irritant Horse Skin Conditions Sweet Itch (Insect Bite Hypersensitivity) Urticaria (Hives) Contact Dermatitis/a> Photosensitivity / Sunburn Papular Dermatitis Alopecia (Hair Loss) Parasitic Horse Skin Conditions Mange (Chorioptic, Sarcoptic, Demodectic) Lice (Pediculosis) Tick Infestations Onchocerciasis (Summer Mange) Growths, Tumours & Unusual Horse Skin Problems Warts (Papillomas) Sarcoids Melanomas Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cutaneous Lymphoma Nodular Necrobiosis (Collagenolytic Granuloma) Eosinophilic Granuloma Vitiligo (“Arabian Pink Skin”) Pemphigus Foliaceus Epidermolysis Bullosa Emergency Horse Skin Conditions Dermatitis (General) Cellulitis Pythiosis (“Swamp Cancer”) Final Thoughts on Horse Skin Health Frequently Asked Questions Common Bacterial & Fungal Horse Skin Problems Rain Rot (Dermatophilosis) What it is: Rain rot is a bacterial infection caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. It thrives in wet, humid conditions, leading to scabby patches on the back, rump, or shoulders. When the scabs fall off, small tufts of hair come with them, leaving raw skin beneath. Treatment & care: Wash with antibacterial shampoo or cleanser. Keep the horse dry and groomed. Remove scabs gently once softened. Apply Botanica Natural Herbal Cream to soothe raw skin. When to call the vet: If the condition spreads or causes pain. See our in depth article on rain rot here. ⬆ Back to top Mud Fever / Scratches / Pastern Dermatitis What it is: This condition affects the skin around the pasterns, especially in muddy or wet fields. It appears as scabs, cracks, and sometimes painful swelling. Left untreated, it can spread up the leg and cause lameness. Treatment & care: Clean and dry legs daily. Apply Botanica Natural Herbal Cream as a protective layer. Clip feathers if necessary. When to call the vet: If swelling spreads up the leg or lameness develops. ⬆ Back to top Greasy Heel What it is: Often considered a severe form of mud fever, greasy heel is characterized by thick, greasy-looking scabs that ooze discharge. It can be difficult to manage if the horse remains in damp, muddy conditions. Treatment & care: Wash with mild antiseptic solutions. Keep legs clean and dry. Provide good nutrition for skin health. When to call the vet: For persistent or infected cases. ⬆ Back to top Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) What it is: Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection. It creates circular, hairless patches with scaly or crusty edges. Because it spreads easily between horses, tack, and even people, strict hygiene is important. Treatment & care: Isolate infected horses. Disinfect tack, stables, and brushes. Use veterinary antifungal shampoos or creams. When to call the vet: Always — ringworm spreads easily to horses, people, and equipment. ⬆ Back to top Folliculitis What it is: Folliculitis is an infection of the hair follicles. It presents as small pimples or crusty bumps, usually on areas under tack or sweaty parts of the body. It can be bacterial or fungal in origin. Treatment & care: Clip affected areas. Wash with antibacterial cleansers, or try Botanica Cleansing Wash. Keep tack clean and dry. When to call the vet: If infections spread or turn into abscesses. ⬆ Back to top Dermatophytosis (Other Fungal Infections) What it is: Beyond ringworm, horses can suffer other fungal skin infections that cause scaling, crusting, and hair loss. They spread in damp, unhygienic conditions and require antifungal treatment. Treatment & care: Improve stable hygiene and ventilation. Treat with antifungal products. When to call the vet: If several horses are affected or infection keeps returning. ⬆ Back to top Allergic & Irritant Horse Skin Conditions Sweet Itch (Insect Bite Hypersensitivity) What it is: Sweet itch is caused by an allergic reaction to midge bites. Horses with this condition rub themselves relentlessly, often damaging their mane, tail, and midline skin. It is seasonal, flaring in warmer months. Treatment & care: Use fly rugs and repellents, protect with Botanica Fly Spray. Stable horses during dawn and dusk. Apply soothing creams like Botanica Natural Herbal Cream. When to call the vet: If self-trauma causes bleeding or infection. ⬆ Back to top Urticaria (Hives) What it is: Hives show up as raised, soft lumps on the skin. They can appear suddenly after exposure to an allergen, such as certain feeds, medications, or insect bites. They usually resolve quickly but may reappear with ongoing exposure. Treatment & care: Remove suspected triggers. Cold hosing may reduce swelling. When to call the vet: If hives don’t improve within 24 hours or the horse has breathing difficulty. ⬆ Back to top Contact Dermatitis What it is: This reaction occurs when the skin touches something irritating, such as certain bedding types, plants, or topical products. It leads to redness, itching, and sometimes blistering. Treatment & care: Remove the irritant. Wash skin with mild cleansers. Apply soothing ointments. When to call the vet: If blistering or open sores appear. ⬆ Back to top Photosensitivity / Sunburn What it is: Some horses, especially those with pink skin or white markings, are prone to sunburn. In other cases, photosensitivity occurs when the horse ingests certain plants or chemicals that make the skin unusually sensitive to sunlight. Treatment & care: Use UV fly masks and horse-safe sunblock. Provide shade. Protect delicate skin with Botanica Natural Herbal Cream. When to call the vet: If blisters form or skin becomes infected. ⬆ Back to top Papular Dermatitis What it is: Papular dermatitis is an allergic skin reaction, often from insects, that results in multiple small, raised bumps. It may be itchy but usually resolves once the trigger is removed. Treatment & care: Fly protection is key. Mild cases resolve when insects are gone. When to call the vet: If itching is severe or lesions worsen. ⬆ Back to top Alopecia (Hair Loss) What it is: Alopecia refers to hair loss that may result from rubbing, infections, allergies, or systemic illness. The pattern of loss often gives clues about the cause. Treatment & care: Investigate diet, parasites, or environment. Support with nutritional supplements. When to call the vet: If hair loss is widespread or unexplained. ⬆ Back to top   Parasitic Horse Skin Conditions Mange (Chorioptic, Sarcoptic, Demodectic) What it is: Mange is caused by different species of mites. It leads to intense itching, hair loss, and crusty skin. Chorioptic mange is especially common in feathered horses, while sarcoptic mange is rarer but more severe. Treatment & care: Clip feathers for easier treatment. Use prescribed medicated washes or injections. Treat all in-contact horses. When to call the vet: Always — mange requires veterinary treatment. ⬆ Back to top Lice (Pediculosis) What it is: Lice infestations make horses itchy and lead to patchy hair loss, especially in winter when thick coats provide shelter. Two types exist—biting lice that feed on skin debris and sucking lice that feed on blood. Treatment & care: Wash with lice shampoos or powders. Disinfect blankets, brushes, and stables. Improve nutrition for coat strength. When to call the vet: If lice persist despite treatment. ⬆ Back to top Tick Infestations What it is: Ticks attach to the skin to feed on blood, causing irritation and sometimes transmitting diseases. Horses grazing in wooded or scrubby areas are more at risk. Treatment & care: Check horses daily during tick season. Use repellents like Botanica Fly Spray. Remove ticks with a proper tick tool. When to call the vet: If swelling, fever, or lameness follows a tick bite. ⬆ Back to top Onchocerciasis (Summer Mange) What it is: Caused by the parasite Onchocerca, this condition results in itchy nodules, hair loss, and thickened skin. It is linked to blackfly bites and is more common in certain geographic regions. Treatment & care: Control flies. Vets may prescribe ivermectin or moxidectin. When to call the vet: If nodules or persistent itching develop. ⬆ Back to top Growths, Tumours & Unusual Horse Skin Problems Warts (Papillomas) What it is: Young horses are most likely to develop warts caused by the papillomavirus. They appear as small, cauliflower-like growths on the muzzle, lips, or eyelids. They are usually harmless and resolve without treatment. Treatment & care: Usually resolve without treatment. Maintain hygiene to prevent spreading. When to call the vet: If warts interfere with eating or persist for months. ⬆ Back to top Sarcoids What it is: Sarcoids are the most common skin tumour in horses. They come in several forms, ranging from flat, scaly patches to large, ulcerated lumps. They rarely spread internally but can be persistent and difficult to treat. Treatment & care: Avoid irritating sarcoids. Vets may recommend surgery, cryotherapy, or topical treatments. When to call the vet: Always — sarcoid management is specialist. ⬆ Back to top Melanomas What it is: Most often seen in grey horses, melanomas are dark pigmented tumours that develop under the tail, around the anus, or near the sheath. Many remain stable for years, but some grow aggressively. Treatment & care: Monitor growth. Keep area clean. When to call the vet: If tumours enlarge, ulcerate, or interfere with function. ⬆ Back to top Squamous Cell Carcinoma What it is: This type of skin cancer typically appears on lightly pigmented areas such as the eyelids, muzzle, or genitals. It can be locally invasive and needs veterinary attention for treatment. Treatment & care: Early surgical removal is best. Protect light areas from sunlight. When to call the vet: Immediately if suspicious lumps appear. ⬆ Back to top Cutaneous Lymphoma What it is: A rare cancer of the skin, cutaneous lymphoma can cause nodules, plaques, or ulcerated lesions. Its progression varies, but it often requires biopsy to confirm diagnosis. Treatment & care: Requires veterinary diagnosis. Some cases respond to steroids or chemotherapy. When to call the vet: At the first sign of unexplained nodules. ⬆ Back to top Nodular Necrobiosis (Collagenolytic Granuloma) What it is: These firm, raised nodules are thought to be a reaction to insect bites or minor trauma. They are generally harmless but can be surgically removed if bothersome. Treatment & care: May regress naturally. Can be removed surgically if irritating. When to call the vet: If lumps interfere with tack or ulcerate. ⬆ Back to top Eosinophilic Granuloma What it is: This condition presents as firm, non-painful lumps, often along the neck or back. They are caused by an overreaction of the immune system, often linked to insect bites. Treatment & care: Some disappear without treatment. Steroids may be used for stubborn lumps. When to call the vet: If lumps spread or persist. ⬆ Back to top Vitiligo (“Arabian Pink Skin”) What it is: Vitiligo is a cosmetic condition where pigment is lost in patches, often around the muzzle or eyes. It is most commonly seen in Arabian horses and does not cause discomfort. Treatment & care: No treatment required. Protect depigmented areas from sunburn. When to call the vet: Only if other symptoms appear. ⬆ Back to top Pemphigus Foliaceus What it is: A rare autoimmune disease, pemphigus foliaceus causes crusty, scaly lesions that spread across the body. Horses may also have fever and swelling. It usually requires long-term management. Treatment & care: Requires long-term veterinary management. Support with skin-friendly topical care. When to call the vet: Always — this is a serious condition. ⬆ Back to top Epidermolysis Bullosa What it is: This is a very rare inherited disorder where foals are born with fragile skin that blisters and tears easily. Sadly, it is often fatal, and affected foals may not survive long after birth. rare congenital condition where foals are born with fragile, blistering skin. Treatment & care: Supportive only — sadly, foals often do not survive long term. When to call the vet: Immediately — diagnosis and welfare decisions are essential. ⬆ Back to top Emergency Horse Skin Conditions Dermatitis (General) What it is: Dermatitis simply means inflammation of the skin. It can be triggered by infections, allergies, or irritants, and presents with redness, heat, swelling, and sometimes oozing sores. Treatment & care: Keep skin clean and dry. Remove possible irritants. When to call the vet: If dermatitis is spreading or recurring. ⬆ Back to top Cellulitis What it is: Cellulitis is a serious bacterial infection under the skin. It causes sudden, painful swelling of a leg, often accompanied by heat and lameness. It requires immediate veterinary treatment. Treatment & care: Veterinary emergency requiring antibiotics. Cold hosing and bandaging may help temporarily. When to call the vet: Immediately — cellulitis can become life-threatening. ⬆ Back to top Pythiosis (“Swamp Cancer”) What it is: More common in tropical climates, pythiosis is a fungal-like infection that creates large, ulcerated lesions with proud flesh. It is difficult to treat and often progressive. Treatment & care: Difficult to treat; often requires surgery. Prevent by avoiding stagnant water. When to call the vet: Always — pythiosis is progressive. ⬆ Back to top Final Thoughts on Horse Skin Health Many horse skin conditions are mild and manageable with good stable management, regular grooming, and parasite control. Others — such as cellulitis, cancers, or autoimmune diseases — require urgent veterinary treatment. If you notice unusual lumps, persistent itching, hair loss, or rapidly spreading sores, contact your vet without delay. Early action improves outcomes and helps keep your horse comfortable and healthy. Explore Botanica’s natural equine range, including our Natural Herbal Cream and Fly Spray, designed to support healthy skin and repel biting insects. ❓ Frequently Asked Questions What is the most common horse skin problem? Mud fever, rain rot, and sweet itch are among the most common skin issues horse owners face. These are usually linked to wet conditions, insect bites, or poor grooming environments. Can humans catch horse skin infections? Yes, some conditions like ringworm are zoonotic, meaning they can pass between horses and people. Always wear gloves when handling infected horses and disinfect tack and grooming tools. How do I know if my horse’s skin condition needs a vet? Call your vet if: The problem spreads quickly. Your horse is in pain or lame. There is swelling, discharge, or heat. Lumps grow or change rapidly. How can I prevent horse skin problems? Maintain clean, dry stables and paddocks. Groom regularly with the best horse detangler and check skin under tack. Use fly protection and Botanica Fly Spray in summer. Provide a balanced diet with skin-supporting nutrients. Are some breeds more prone to skin conditions? Yes — heavy breeds with feathers often develop mud fever and mallenders, while grey horses are more prone to melanomas. Arabians are more likely to develop vitiligo. More reading: AAEP Horse Health Vet Times - Equine UC Davis Veterinary Medicine ⬆ Back to top  

Plenty of products market themselves as horse mane detanglers or horse tail detanglers, but a surprising number are just silicone sprays that coat hair without nourishing it. Your horses deserve better.

Most conventional fly sprays rely on harsh chemicals that can irritate skin, damage coats, and harm the environment. Botanica Fly Spray takes a different approach. Formulated with natural, plant-based ingredients like Citronella, Tea Tree Oil, and Lavender, it offers powerful insect-repelling properties without any harmful side effects.